@normalize

With the @normalize directive, only aliased predicates are returned and the result is flattened to remove nesting.

Query Example: Film name, country and first two actors (by UID order) of every Steven Spielberg movie, without initial_release_date because no alias is given and flattened by @normalize

Query

{
  director(func:allofterms(name@en, "steven spielberg")) @normalize {
    director: name@en
    director.film {
      film: name@en
      initial_release_date
      starring(first: 2) {
        performance.actor {
          actor: name@en
        }
        performance.character {
          character: name@en
        }
      }
      country {
        country: name@en
      }
    }
  }
}

Go

package main

import (
    "context"
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "log"

    "google.golang.org/grpc"
    "github.com/dgraph-io/dgo/v230"
    "github.com/dgraph-io/dgo/v230/protos/api"
)

func main() {
    conn, err := grpc.Dial("localhost:9080", grpc.WithInsecure())
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    defer conn.Close()

    dgraphClient := dgo.NewDgraphClient(api.NewDgraphClient(conn))
    ctx := context.Background()

    txn := dgraphClient.NewTxn()
    defer txn.Discard(ctx)

    query := `{
  director(func:allofterms(name@en, "steven spielberg")) @normalize {
    director: name@en
    director.film {
      film: name@en
      initial_release_date
      starring(first: 2) {
        performance.actor {
          actor: name@en
        }
        performance.character {
          character: name@en
        }
      }
      country {
        country: name@en
      }
    }
  }
}`
    
    resp, err := txn.Query(ctx, query)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    var result map[string]interface{}
    json.Unmarshal(resp.Json, &result)
    fmt.Printf("%+v\n", result)
}

Java

import io.dgraph.DgraphClient;
import io.dgraph.DgraphGrpc;
import io.dgraph.DgraphProto;
import io.dgraph.Transaction;

import java.util.Map;

public class App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ManagedChannel channel = ManagedChannelBuilder
            .forAddress("localhost", 9080)
            .usePlaintext()
            .build();
        
        DgraphGrpc.DgraphStub stub = DgraphGrpc.newStub(channel);
        DgraphClient dgraphClient = new DgraphClient(stub);
        
        String query = "{
  director(func:allofterms(name@en, \"steven spielberg\")) @normalize {
    director: name@en
    director.film {
      film: name@en
      initial_release_date
      starring(first: 2) {
        performance.actor {
          actor: name@en
        }
        performance.character {
          character: name@en
        }
      }
      country {
        country: name@en
      }
    }
  }
}";
        
        Transaction txn = dgraphClient.newTransaction();
        try {
            DgraphProto.Response response = txn.query(query);
            System.out.println(response.getJson().toStringUtf8());
        } finally {
            txn.discard();
        }
    }
}

Python

import grpc
from dgraph import DgraphClient, Txn

def main():
    client_stub = DgraphClient("localhost:9080")
    client = DgraphClient(client_stub)
    
    query = """{
  director(func:allofterms(name@en, "steven spielberg")) @normalize {
    director: name@en
    director.film {
      film: name@en
      initial_release_date
      starring(first: 2) {
        performance.actor {
          actor: name@en
        }
        performance.character {
          character: name@en
        }
      }
      country {
        country: name@en
      }
    }
  }
}"""
    
    txn = client.txn()
    try:
        response = txn.query(query)
        print(response.json)
    finally:
        txn.discard()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

JavaScript (gRPC)

const dgraph = require("dgraph-js");
const grpc = require("grpc");

async function main() {
    const clientStub = new dgraph.DgraphClientStub(
        "localhost:9080",
        grpc.credentials.createInsecure()
    );
    const dgraphClient = new dgraph.DgraphClient(clientStub);
    
    const query = `{
  director(func:allofterms(name@en, "steven spielberg")) @normalize {
    director: name@en
    director.film {
      film: name@en
      initial_release_date
      starring(first: 2) {
        performance.actor {
          actor: name@en
        }
        performance.character {
          character: name@en
        }
      }
      country {
        country: name@en
      }
    }
  }
}`;
    
    const txn = dgraphClient.newTxn();
    try {
        const res = await txn.query(query);
        const json = res.getJson();
        console.log(JSON.stringify(JSON.parse(json), null, 2));
    } finally {
        await txn.discard();
    }
}

main().catch((e) => {
    console.error(e);
});

JavaScript (HTTP)

const fetch = require("node-fetch");

async function main() {
    const query = `{
  director(func:allofterms(name@en, "steven spielberg")) @normalize {
    director: name@en
    director.film {
      film: name@en
      initial_release_date
      starring(first: 2) {
        performance.actor {
          actor: name@en
        }
        performance.character {
          character: name@en
        }
      }
      country {
        country: name@en
      }
    }
  }
}`;
    
    const response = await fetch("http://localhost:8080/query", {
        method: "POST",
        headers: {
            "Content-Type": "application/dql"
        },
        body: query
    });
    
    const result = await response.json();
    console.log(JSON.stringify(result, null, 2));
}

main().catch((e) => {
    console.error(e);
});

Curl

curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/query \
  -H "Content-Type: application/dql" \
  -d '{
  director(func:allofterms(name@en, "steven spielberg")) @normalize {
    director: name@en
    director.film {
      film: name@en
      initial_release_date
      starring(first: 2) {
        performance.actor {
          actor: name@en
        }
        performance.character {
          character: name@en
        }
      }
      country {
        country: name@en
      }
    }
  }
}'

You can also apply @normalize on nested query blocks. It will work similarly but only flatten the result of the nested query block where @normalize has been applied. @normalize will return a list irrespective of the type of attribute on which it is applied.

Query

{
  director(func:allofterms(name@en, "steven spielberg")) {
    director: name@en
    director.film {
      film: name@en
      initial_release_date
      starring(first: 2) @normalize {
        performance.actor {
          actor: name@en
        }
        performance.character {
          character: name@en
        }
      }
      country {
        country: name@en
      }
    }
  }
}

Go

package main

import (
    "context"
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "log"

    "google.golang.org/grpc"
    "github.com/dgraph-io/dgo/v230"
    "github.com/dgraph-io/dgo/v230/protos/api"
)

func main() {
    conn, err := grpc.Dial("localhost:9080", grpc.WithInsecure())
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    defer conn.Close()

    dgraphClient := dgo.NewDgraphClient(api.NewDgraphClient(conn))
    ctx := context.Background()

    txn := dgraphClient.NewTxn()
    defer txn.Discard(ctx)

    query := `{
  director(func:allofterms(name@en, "steven spielberg")) {
    director: name@en
    director.film {
      film: name@en
      initial_release_date
      starring(first: 2) @normalize {
        performance.actor {
          actor: name@en
        }
        performance.character {
          character: name@en
        }
      }
      country {
        country: name@en
      }
    }
  }
}`
    
    resp, err := txn.Query(ctx, query)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    var result map[string]interface{}
    json.Unmarshal(resp.Json, &result)
    fmt.Printf("%+v\n", result)
}

Java

import io.dgraph.DgraphClient;
import io.dgraph.DgraphGrpc;
import io.dgraph.DgraphProto;
import io.dgraph.Transaction;

import java.util.Map;

public class App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ManagedChannel channel = ManagedChannelBuilder
            .forAddress("localhost", 9080)
            .usePlaintext()
            .build();
        
        DgraphGrpc.DgraphStub stub = DgraphGrpc.newStub(channel);
        DgraphClient dgraphClient = new DgraphClient(stub);
        
        String query = "{
  director(func:allofterms(name@en, \"steven spielberg\")) {
    director: name@en
    director.film {
      film: name@en
      initial_release_date
      starring(first: 2) @normalize {
        performance.actor {
          actor: name@en
        }
        performance.character {
          character: name@en
        }
      }
      country {
        country: name@en
      }
    }
  }
}";
        
        Transaction txn = dgraphClient.newTransaction();
        try {
            DgraphProto.Response response = txn.query(query);
            System.out.println(response.getJson().toStringUtf8());
        } finally {
            txn.discard();
        }
    }
}

Python

import grpc
from dgraph import DgraphClient, Txn

def main():
    client_stub = DgraphClient("localhost:9080")
    client = DgraphClient(client_stub)
    
    query = """{
  director(func:allofterms(name@en, "steven spielberg")) {
    director: name@en
    director.film {
      film: name@en
      initial_release_date
      starring(first: 2) @normalize {
        performance.actor {
          actor: name@en
        }
        performance.character {
          character: name@en
        }
      }
      country {
        country: name@en
      }
    }
  }
}"""
    
    txn = client.txn()
    try:
        response = txn.query(query)
        print(response.json)
    finally:
        txn.discard()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

JavaScript (gRPC)

const dgraph = require("dgraph-js");
const grpc = require("grpc");

async function main() {
    const clientStub = new dgraph.DgraphClientStub(
        "localhost:9080",
        grpc.credentials.createInsecure()
    );
    const dgraphClient = new dgraph.DgraphClient(clientStub);
    
    const query = `{
  director(func:allofterms(name@en, "steven spielberg")) {
    director: name@en
    director.film {
      film: name@en
      initial_release_date
      starring(first: 2) @normalize {
        performance.actor {
          actor: name@en
        }
        performance.character {
          character: name@en
        }
      }
      country {
        country: name@en
      }
    }
  }
}`;
    
    const txn = dgraphClient.newTxn();
    try {
        const res = await txn.query(query);
        const json = res.getJson();
        console.log(JSON.stringify(JSON.parse(json), null, 2));
    } finally {
        await txn.discard();
    }
}

main().catch((e) => {
    console.error(e);
});

JavaScript (HTTP)

const fetch = require("node-fetch");

async function main() {
    const query = `{
  director(func:allofterms(name@en, "steven spielberg")) {
    director: name@en
    director.film {
      film: name@en
      initial_release_date
      starring(first: 2) @normalize {
        performance.actor {
          actor: name@en
        }
        performance.character {
          character: name@en
        }
      }
      country {
        country: name@en
      }
    }
  }
}`;
    
    const response = await fetch("http://localhost:8080/query", {
        method: "POST",
        headers: {
            "Content-Type": "application/dql"
        },
        body: query
    });
    
    const result = await response.json();
    console.log(JSON.stringify(result, null, 2));
}

main().catch((e) => {
    console.error(e);
});

Curl

curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/query \
  -H "Content-Type: application/dql" \
  -d '{
  director(func:allofterms(name@en, "steven spielberg")) {
    director: name@en
    director.film {
      film: name@en
      initial_release_date
      starring(first: 2) @normalize {
        performance.actor {
          actor: name@en
        }
        performance.character {
          character: name@en
        }
      }
      country {
        country: name@en
      }
    }
  }
}'